This subject helps students develop deep understanding of the organising categories and central claims of a range of modern criminological perspectives of criminology. The main problems, questions and ideas that have shaped modern criminological thought are explored and attention is paid throughout to the contexts that shape the emergence and reception of modern criminological theory and to the modes of social intervention that different criminological perspectives expressly or implicitly propose. Topics covered will vary from year to year but are likely to include: crime and the urban environment, developmental and control theories, routine activities and rational choice theories, crime, inequality and opportunity, crime and culture, and social reactions to crime.